Vijnaneshwara Pratishthana Trust Martur · Kalaburagi · Karnataka

Ancient Hindu Jurisprudence

Sayings inscribed in the erstwhile Parliament House.

These ancient Hindu sayings have been inscribed in the erstwhile Parliament House. They were selected by the Committee of Parliament for inscription, of which Shri G. V. Mavalankar was the Chairman.


1. Dharmachakra Pravartanaya

Lalitavistara, Chapter 26

These words are inscribed inside the Lok Sabha Chamber, overlooking the Speaker’s Chair.

“For the Rotation of the Wheel of Righteousness.”

Meaning

This path of righteousness (Dharma) is the ideal to which the rulers of India, since ancient times, dedicated themselves, and the wheel which is symbolic of this path and its dynamic nature finds a prominent place in the National Flag of India and the National Emblem of India as well.

The Karna Parva, Mahabharata (Chapter 69, Verse 58) defines Dharma as follows: “Dharma sustains the society, Dharma maintains the social order, Dharma ensures well-being and progress of Humanity, Dharma is surely that which fulfils these objectives.”

2. Ahimsa Paramo Dharmah

Mahabharata, Vana Parva 207-74

Inscribed on the top of the entry gate to the Rajya Sabha.

“Non-violence is the highest Dharma.”

Meaning

Manu defined that Dharma constitutes five elements. They are Non-Violence, Truthfulness, Non-Stealing, Piousness and Control of Senses.

Ahimsa (Non-violence) is the greatest Dharma,
Ahimsa is the greatest restraint,
Ahimsa is the greatest gift and
Ahimsa is the greatest penance.

Mahabharata, Anushasana Parva 116-28

Evidently, Ahimsa or Non-violence occupies the first position among the five. This is the unique feature of the culture of our nation.

3. Ayam Nijah Paro Veti; Ganana Laghu Chetasam; Udarcharitanantu; Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam

Panchatantra 5-21

As one proceeds to the Central Hall from Gate No. 1 of the Old Parliament House, this verse in Samskrit from the Panchatantra greets one’s eyes from above the gate of the Central Hall.

The attitude to divide people into two categories, “mine” and “not mine”, is the characteristic of petty-minded people. For broad-minded people the entire world is nothing but one family.

Meaning · Panchatantra 5-21

Here we find inspiration for the establishment of the United Nations.

4. Satyam Vada, Dharmam Chara

Taittiriya Upanishad, Shikshavalli

This statement is inscribed on the top of the entry gate to the Rajya Sabha.

“Speak the truth; Follow the rules of Righteous Conduct.”

Meaning

This is a part of the convocation address to the outgoing students incorporated in the Shikshavalli of the Taittireeyopanishad of the Krishna Yajurveda. A message worth to be remembered and followed through the life.

5. Sve Sve Karmany Abhiratah Samsiddhim Labhate Nara

Bhagavad Gita 18-45

Inscribed on the top of the entry gate to the Rajya Sabha.

“Every individual attains fulfilment of life and fame only on account of discharging the duties prescribed for him/her.”

Meaning

The message of the Bhagavadgita is universal as well as eternal.

6. Na Sa Sabha Yatra Na Santi Vriddhah…

Mahabharata 5-35-38

Inscribed in golden letters on the dome near Lift No. 1, which can be better viewed from the first floor.

“That is not an Assembly where there are no elders; They are not elders, who do not speak with righteousness; That speech is not righteous which is devoid of truthfulness; That is not the truth which contains deceit.”

Meaning

This saying from the Mahabharata offers a vivid commentary on the duty to speak truth in an Assembly.

7. Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti

Rig Veda 1-164-46

Inscribed on the top of the entry gate to the Rajya Sabha.

“Truth is One; though interpreted in many ways by the wise.”

Meaning

This Mantra from the Rigveda throws light on the basis for difference of opinion and also on the ways to arrive at consensus, a fundamental principle applicable to democracy.

8. Sabha Va Na Praveshtavya…

Manusmriti 8-13

Inscribed above Lift No. 2.

“Either one may not enter the Assembly Hall, or, having entered, he/she must speak truth in a righteous way. The one who does not speak and the one who speaks falsely, will be a sinner.”

Meaning

This saying of the Manusmruti offers clear guidance to the behaviour of the Parliamentarians.

9. Innallaha La Yugayyiru Ma Biqawmin…

Arabic quotation

Inscribed in the arc-shaped outer lobby of the Lok Sabha.

“Almighty God will not change the condition of any people unless they bring about a change in themselves.”

Meaning

This is the same directive which is incorporated in the Bhagavadgita, Chapter 6, 5th verse, namely, “One has to uplift oneself by his own efforts.”

10. Satyameva Jayate

Mundaka Upanishad 3-1

Wherever the Emblem of India is inscribed, this sentence is engraved within it.

“Truth will Triumph always.”

Meaning

This inspiring sentence of the Mundakopanishad is inscribed within the Emblem of Bharat and mandates every one to be always truthful.

11. Sarvada Syan Nripah Prajnah…

Shukra Niti, Raja Dharma 2.3

This verse has been inscribed on the dome near Lift No. 4.

“The ruler must always be wise and intelligent. Even so he should not stand upon his own views at any time; rather he should consider the views of the Members of the House, Officers, People at large and others who are present in the House, and then take his decision.”

Meaning

12. Praja Sukhe Sukham Rajnah…

Kautilya’s Arthashastra, pp. 39–42 · 300 BCE

Inscribed on the dome near Lift No. 6.

“In the happiness of the people lies the king’s (ruler’s) happiness; In their welfare his welfare; Whatever is in his own interest, the king (ruler) shall not be considered as good; but whatever is in the interest of his people, the king (ruler) shall consider as good.”

Meaning

Right to Happiness

The natural desire of all Human beings is to be happy at every stage and in every aspect of life. It is a natural human right, for without happiness life becomes meaningless. Therefore, the right of every individual to happiness has been recognized in the Bharatiya culture since ancient times. This being the most important and comprehensive human right, which includes every kind of right, the fulfilment of which leads to happiness.

13. Om Sarve Bhavantu Sukhinah…

Inscribed on the gate with porches.

May all be happy, May all be free from disease,
May all be Prosperous and let no one undergo misery.

Meaning

These two shlokas indicate a comprehensive human right that merits being included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights made by the United Nations on 10th December 1948.

14. Sangacchadhvam Samvadadhvam…

Rig Veda 10.191.4

Inscribed prominently on the walls of two Committee Rooms on the first floor of Parliament House.

Oh human beings, all of you should
Live together with mutual co-operation,
Converse with each other in a friendly manner,
Acquire knowledge having common ideals of life.
All your prayers and desires be similar and for common good.
All your get-togethers be without separatist feeling.
All of you be united in thought, word and deed.
Let there be oneness in your resolutions, hearts and minds.
Let the strength to live with mutual co-operation
Be firm in you all.

Meaning · Rigveda, Mandala 10, Sukta 191, Mantra 4